BTC Equity Booklet V5.0 Page 10 of 11 Dec 2023 Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Down’s syndrome is a congenital condition caused at conception. It arises from a failure in cell division of chromosome 21 (hence Trisomy 21), leading to 47, rather than 46, chromosomes developing. Among other characteristics, those with Down’s syndrome can have reduced muscle tone, heart conditions, hearing and vision difficulties, respiratory difficulties and learning difficulties that can impact upon physical activity. Note: all people with Down’s syndrome are different and advice should be sought on the exact needs of each individual. People with Down’s syndrome should not be barred from physical activity. However, they do have a small risk of suffering acute dislocation of the atlantoaxial joint (top of the spine). As a result, should a person with Down's syndrome develop pain behind the ear or elsewhere in the neck, abnormal head posture, deterioration of gait, manipulative skills or bowel and/or bladder control, specialist advice should be sought immediately. Further, some people with Down’s syndrome may have a heart condition. Therefore, should they complain of tiredness, he/she should be allowed to rest or sit out an activity and be monitored until he/she recovers. In addition, those working with people with Down’s syndrome should: • use demonstration, sign and gesture to support learning • offer regular encouragement and praise for efforts • speak directly to the student to reinforce instructions and ensure he/she understands the task • liaise with other professionals in the development of a healthcare plan. Down’s Syndrome Association www.downs-syndrome.org.uk Dyspraxia Dyspraxia is an impairment or immaturity in movement, often termed ‘clumsy child syndrome’. The degree of difficulty experienced can vary greatly. Difficulties are often found with gross and fine motor skills. In addition, poor balance and difficulties in coordinating body parts can lead to poor performance in sport. Instructors working with students with dyspraxia should: • liaise with physiotherapists and occupational therapists in the preparation of physical-activity programmes; it is worth noting that such programmes are also often of value to other pupils as well • encourage effort • encourage support from peers through the use of a ‘buddy’ system The Dyspraxia Foundation www.dyspraxiafoundation.org.uk
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